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TlniTnn STATES PATENT Urmca JOHN A. LANNERT AND WVILLIAM R. JEAVONS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE UNITED BLUE FLAME STOVE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 617,293, dated January 3, 1899.

Application filed April 14, 1896. Serial No. 587,469. (No model.)

T0 on whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JOHN A. LANNERT and WILLIAM R. J EAVONS, citizens of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to that class of wickburners constructed with perforated walls to form a chamber in which a measure of combustion occurs to produce carbon monoxid; and the invention consists in certain novel features and arrangement of the parts where by the combustion or combining chamber is separated from the wick-tubes to prevent crawling of the oil over the burner parts when the burner is not in use and whereby the combining of gases and final complete combustion are promoted in a more desirable manner by a novel arrangement of the openings for supplying air to the combining-chamber, as will be fully hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional elevation of one form of our burner. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a portion of a combining-chamber, showing a modification of the lower end of the perforated tubes. Fig. 3 shows a still further modification of the perforated tubes, as do also Figs. 4 and 5 together, all as hereinafter fully described.

In Fig.1, A and B are perforated tubes forming the combining and mixing chamber between them, as is now old in this art. These tubes may be held in proper working relation to each other in any desired manner. In the present instance cross rods or bolts G and 0 project at right angles through both tubes and also through protecting-drum D to hold the two tubes and drum firmly together and to enable them to be handled as one piece. The combining chamber 2 between these tubes has a contracted opening at its bottom formed in this instance by the disk or plate II, which is arranged across the bottom of inner tube B and extends laterally therefrom about half-way across the bottom of the combining chamber. A large opening aifords passage for air up through this disk or plate, and near about its edge is an offset or shoulder which projects up into the lower end of tube B somewhat and affords what serves practically as a centering medium and seat for said tube. This plate or disk is supported, as hereshown, by braces 4 from beneath; but any other means of support may be adopted. The inwardly-projecting edge 5 of plate H is overlapped by the flange 6 on tube A, and a slight lateral passage exists between these flanges, through which combustion is sustained from the wick below. This overlapping arrangement insures an equal space or passage 3, even if the relation of tubes A and B be somewhat disturbed.

The tubes A and B and drum D are held firmly together by means of the cross-rods C C or equivalent means, and the drum D rests on or engages the base-drum or inclosing case E about the upper edge thereof. In this case the drum and tube A are supported by tube B, which rests on plate H, and afianged shoulder 5 is formed to engage the drum D; but any suitable engagement at this point for drum D will suffice, the idea being that said drum and the perforated tubes are bodily removable together, the handle 6 serving for this purpose. Such removal occurs when the burner is lighted, or at least said parts must then be tilted or lifted to apply a light to wick F. With this arrangement of parts it will be seen that the perforated tubes are wholly removed at all points from all possible contact with the oil-containing surfaces of the burner, the wick of course never being high enough to touch these tubes when the burner is not in use. As no oil can reach said tubes A and B, there can be no creeping of oil over them and no contact with the wick-tubes G to heat the same.

In starting the burner the drum and perforated tubes necessarily are lifted or tilted, so that the space from the wick into the combining and mixing chamber shall become large enough to communicate flame into said chamber. It will be noted that when the parts are in working position the slight pas- Ibo sage 3 is too narrow for flame to pass into chamber 2. Indeed, this space need not be much, if any, wider than the thickness of a common table-knife, and yet vapor from the wick will enter and flame will be maintained in Eand above chamber 2 by the vapor furnished through this narrow passage. At the same time a low blue flame will be burning at the exposed end of the Wick and the consumption of oil from said wick apparently will be the same as if it were not separated from the chamber 2 by passage 3. Nearly all the vapor and flame from wick F will be drawn to said passage 3 and none will creep up outside of tube A.

The combustion of the wick-flame is limited by the proximity of the parts that form the contracted opening, the best results being attained if the space is such as to maintain only a comparatively slight blue flame about the wick, and which burns against the flanges 5 and 6 to promote the desired action at this point.

The drum E usually stands on the stoveplate, or is otherwise closed atits bottom, and has air-inlet openings 8, preferably about its base, through which air is supplied to the burner about its outside. Air for the inside enters within the wick-tubes. There is only an incomplete or partial combustion of the gases occurring at the initial flame about the wick. This partial combustion of the gases is continued in the combining-chamber as air is drawn in at successive elevations through the perforations in the perforated tubes, and these partially consumed and consuming gases issue from the chamber and meet with air above for their complete combustion. Draft through the interior tube B is checked by a diaphragm 10 near its top.

Modifications of the foregoing are shown in the remaining figures. Thus in Fig. 2 the outer tube A alone is bent inward at its lower edge, forming a flange 12, and the inner tube B is perfectly straight; but a passage is afforded for gases to enter the combining-chamber the same in eifect as in Fig. 1, and the wick-tubes G and wick F are kept entirely out of contact with said perforated tubes. In Fig. 3 the tubes A and B are formed with annular ribs 14 near their lower ends, narrowing the entrance to the combining-chamber, and here too the wick F and the wick-tubes G are wholly separate from the perforated tubes. In Figs. 4 and 5, which show the same construction, the perforated tubes A and B are represented as having ribs 15 on their inside formed in undulating or wavy lines, Fig. 5 being a plan view of Fig. 4E. The wick F and the tubes G are separate from the perforated tubes, as in the other views.

In the modification, Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the wick itself when in operative position contributes to contract the entrance to the combining-chamber and in the raising of the perforated tubes for initial ignition of the wick an enlarged opening is provided for the better passage of the flame for the ignition of the gases in the combining and mixing chamber. In all cases, however, it will be seen that the combining-chamber is provided with a contracted opening at its bottom and through which alone the unconsumed gases or vapor for the wick enters the combiningchamber. Any suitable means may be employed to raise and lower the wick and any suitable wick may be used. The inner tube B has a diaphragm 10 at its upper portion, a portion of the tube below the diaphragm for some distance having a smaller number of perforations than the body of the tube. The object of this is to admit relatively less air from the inner tube to the combining-chamber at this point than is admitted at points lower down. The perforations in the body of the tube supply air to the chamber only in such measure as to support a partial combustion of the vapors therein, or, in other words, the combustion generally within this chamber is so limited by the perforations as to transform all the vapor therein to carbon monoxid, and this carbon-monoxid gas passing out of the top of said chamber burns with blue flame above. This arrangement of decreasing the air-supply to the upper part of the chamber prevents the large measure of complete coinbustion of the carbon monoxid that would otherwise occur at this point if the perforations were uniform throughout and presents conditions for the transformation into carbon monoxid of any uncombined vapor which may reach this point. At the same time the measure of air supplied through the lessened perforations produces a feeble yet sufficient combustion to maintain in the issuing gases a temperature sufficient to insure their subsequent complete combustion in contact with a utensil above the burner. The zone of relativelyless air-supply in this case is shown with the perforations of usual size, but more widely separated. It is obvious, however, that this feature is susceptible of various modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention. The air-checking diaphragm 10 is in this case provided with opening 11 through its center to furnish air centrally to the volume of gases issuing from the combining-chamber, as this is deemed an advantage in some uses of the burner. If de sired, however, the diaphragm may be entirely closed withoutimpairing the efiect of the peculiar arrangement of the air-openings in the inner tube. If the diaphragm or partition be closed, the perforated-opening area in the upper zone of the inner tube should be less than if it have the opening 11 through the diaphragm, as described. The diaphragm or partition may be of any suitable form and in any suitable position as to elevation as long as it obstructs the rising air or checks it sufficiently to force it into the combiningchamber in suitable quantity.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Two perforated tubes forming a combining and mixing chamber, an air-checking partition at the upper end of the inner tube, the said inner tube constructed to supply relatively less air to the chamber at a zone immediately below the said partition than is supplied to the chamber at lower areas, so as to produce only partial combustion at that point, and means for supplying vapor to the combining and mixing chamber, substantially as described.

2. Two tubes forminga combining and mixing chamber between them and having openings for the admission of air, the inner tube having at its upper port-ion a zone in which the air-opening area is relatively less than in other areas of the tube, and means within the said inner tube for checking the rising air and forcing it through the air-openings, substantially as described.

3. Tubes forming a combining and mixing chamber between them and having perforations for the admission of air, the inner tube having at its upper portion a zone in which the air-opening area is relatively less than in other areas of the tube, an air-checking partition in the inner tube, and means for supplying the vapor to said combining and mixing chamber, substantially as described.

4. Tubes forming a combining and mixing chamber between them and having openings for the admission of air, an air-checking device or partition Within the inner tube, the said inner tube having a smaller number of air-openings in a zone adjacent to the said air-checking device than in a like area at a lower point, and means for supplying vapor to the combining and mixing chamber, substantially as described.

5. Tubes forming a combining and mixing chamber between them and having perforations for the admission of air, the inner tube having at its upper portion a zone in which the air-opening area is relatively less than in other areas of the tube, an air-checking partition spanning the inner tube and having a passage for air and means forsupplying va por to said combining'chamber, substantially as described.

6. In hydrocarbon and like burners, a combinin g and mixing tube constructed with airinlet openings having an aggregate inlet area relatively greater at the bottom than towardthe top of the tube, substantially as described.

7. A set of perforated combining and mixing tubes for gas and vapor burners provided with air-inlet openings, and the inner of said tubes having its principal inlet area about the bottom thereof and substantially closed across its top, substantially as described.

Witness our hands to the foregoing specification on this 31st day of March, 1896.

JOHN A. LANNERT. VILLIAM R. JEAVONS.

Witnesses:

H. T. FISHER, H. E. MUDRA. 

